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Michael Brook

MD

  • Professor, Pediatrics
  • Director, Pediatric Echocardiography

Biography

Dr. Michael Brook is the director of the Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory and a pediatric cardiologist. He is particularly interested in transesophageal and contrast echocardiography and the assessment of ventricular function by echocardiography. He also is interested in digital echocardiography and in computer applications of cardiology. Brook sees outpatients at the clinic based in Santa Rosa, Calif.

A graduate of Marquette University, he received his medical training from the University of Wisconsin. He completed a general pediatric residency in 1989 at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and a postdoctoral fellowship in pediatric cardiology at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital in 1992, when he joined the UCSF faculty.

Education & Training

  • University of California, San Francisco Pediatric Cardiology
  • Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Pediatrics
  • University of Wisconsin School of Medicine

Publications

  • Nawaytou H, Springston C, Lazar A, Keller S, Hogan W, Cresalia N, Peyvandi S, Cocalis M, Moon-Grady A, Brook M. A Measurement-Based Protocol Improves Interrater Agreement and Accuracy of Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Assessment by Echocardiography in Children: A Call for Quality Improvement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022 10; 35(10):1091-1100. PubMed
  • Hogan WJ, Moon-Grady AJ, Zhao Y, Cresalia NM, Nawaytou H, Quezada E, Brook M, McQuillen P, Peyvandi S. Fetal cerebrovascular response to maternal hyperoxygenation in congenital heart disease: effect of cardiac physiology. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2021 05; 57(5):769-775. PubMed
  • Puchalski MD, Lui GK, Miller-Hance WC, Brook MM, Young LT, Bhat A, Roberson DA, Mercer-Rosa L, Miller OI, Parra DA, Burch T, Carron HD, Wong PC. Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transesophageal Echocardiographic: Examination in Children and All Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019 02; 32(2):173-215. PubMed
  • Fleming GM, Brook MM, Herman BE, Kennedy C, McGann KA, Mason KE, Weiss P, Myers AL. Recommended Protected Time for Pediatric Fellowship Program Directors: A Needs Assessment Survey. Acad Pediatr. 2016 07; 16(5):415-418. PubMed
  • Byrne FA, Keller RL, Meadows J, Miniati D, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Severe left diaphragmatic hernia limits size of fetal left heart more than does right diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Dec; 46(6):688-94. PubMed
  • Nawaytou HM, Peyvandi S, Brook MM, Silverman N, Moon-Grady AJ. Right Ventricular Systolic-to-Diastolic Time Index: Hypoplastic Left Heart Fetuses Differ Significantly from Normal Fetuses. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 Feb; 29(2):143-9. PubMed
  • Peyvandi S, Feldstein VA, Hirose S, Rand L, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence associated with decreased fetal cerebral vascular impedance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Apr; 45(4):447-51. PubMed
  • Ross RD, Brook M, Feinstein JA, Koenig P, Lang P, Spicer R, Vincent JA, Lewis AB, Martin GR, Bartz PJ, Fischbach PS, Fulton DR, Matherne GP, Reinking B, Srivastava S, Printz B, Geva T, Shirali GS, Weinberg P, Wong PC, Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Dubin AM, Walsh EP, Franklin W, Kanter RJ, Saul JP, Shah MJ, Van Hare GF, Feltes TF, Roth SJ, Almodovar MC, Andropoulos DB, Bohn DJ, Costello JM, Gajarski RJ, Mott AR, Stout K, Valente AM, Cook S, Gurvitz M, Saidi A, Webber SA, Hsu DT, Ivy DD, Kulik TJ, Pahl E, Rosenthal DN, Morrow R, Mahle WT, Murphy AM, Li JS, Law YM, Newburger JW, Daniels SR, Bernstein D, Marino BS. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Mar 13. PubMed
  • Ross RD, Brook M, Koenig P, Feinstein JA, Lang P, Spicer RL, Vincent JA, Society of Pediatric Cardiology Training Program Directors, American College of Cardiology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs): Introduction. Circulation. 2015 Aug 11; 132(6):e43-7. PubMed
  • Ross RD, Brook M, Koenig P, Feinstein JA, Lang P, Spicer RL, Vincent JA. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs): Introduction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Aug 11; 66(6):672-6. PubMed
  • Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Brook M. Task Force 3: Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Training in Cardiac Catheterization. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Aug 11; 66(6):699-705. PubMed
  • Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Brook M, Society of Pediatric Cardiology Training Program Directors, American College of Cardiology, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association. Task Force 3: Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Training in Cardiac Catheterization. SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA. Circulation. 2015 Aug 11; 132(6):e68-74. PubMed
  • Noori S, McNamara P, Jain A, Lavoie PM, Wickremasinghe A, Merritt TA, Solomon T, Sekar K, Attridge JT, Swanson JR, Gillam-Krakauer M, Reese J, Poindexter BB, Brook M, Auchus RJ, Clyman RI, PDA Ligation/Hypotension Trial Investigators. Catecholamine-resistant hypotension and myocardial performance following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. J Perinatol. 2015 Feb; 35(2):123-7. PubMed
  • Ganesan S, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal findings in total anomalous pulmonary venous return: a diagnostic road map starts with obstetric screening views. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Jul; 33(7):1193-207. PubMed
  • Lowenthal A, Lemley B, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal tricuspid valve size as a predictor of postnatal outcome in patients with severe pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014; 35(2):101-7. PubMed
  • Rocha LA, Byrne FA, Keller RL, Miniati D, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Moon-Grady AJ. Left heart structures in human neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the effect of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014; 35(1):36-43. PubMed
  • Bui YK, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Tissue Doppler is more sensitive and reproducible than spectral pulsed-wave Doppler for fetal right ventricle myocardial performance index determination in normal and diabetic pregnancies. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 May; 26(5):507-14. PubMed
  • Moon-Grady A, Shahanavaz S, Brook M, Rodriguez H, Hornberger LK. Can a complete fetal echocardiogram be performed at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation? J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012 Dec; 25(12):1342-52. PubMed
  • Lowenthal A, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Meadows J, Azakie A, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of atrial restriction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with decreased 2-year survival. Prenat Diagn. 2012 May; 32(5):485-90. PubMed
  • Shah A, Moon-Grady A, Bhogal N, Collins KK, Tacy T, Brook M, Hornberger LK. Effectiveness of sotalol as first-line therapy for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol. 2012 Jun 01; 109(11):1614-8. PubMed
  • Anwar S, Brook M, Mavroudis C, Hobbs R, Lorber R. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the noncoronary cusp: not a benign lesion. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012 Oct; 33(7):1187-9. PubMed
  • Byrne FA, Lee H, Kipps AK, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Echocardiographic risk stratification of fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratoma and twin-reversed arterial perfusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2011; 30(4):280-8. PubMed
  • Kipps AK, Feuille C, Azakie A, Hoffman JI, Tabbutt S, Brook MM, Moon-Grady AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in current era. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Aug 01; 108(3):421-7. PubMed
  • Silvestry FE, Kerber RE, Brook MM, Carroll JD, Eberman KM, Goldstein SA, Herrmann HC, Homma S, Mehran R, Packer DL, Parisi AF, Pulerwitz T, Seward JB, Tsang TS, Wood MA. Echocardiography-guided interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Mar; 22(3):213-31; quiz 316-7. PubMed
  • Anagnostopoulos P, Azakie A, Natarajan S, Alphonso N, Brook MM, Karl TR. Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation with autologous pericardium may improve early outcome for tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Mar; 133(3):640-7. PubMed
  • Lai WW, Geva T, Shirali GS, Frommelt PC, Humes RA, Brook MM, Pignatelli RH, Rychik J, Task Force of the Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography, Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines and standards for performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: a report from the Task Force of the Pediatric Council of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006 Dec; 19(12):1413-30. PubMed
  • Miller SG, Brook MM, Tacy TA. Reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of clinically significant abnormal hemidiaphragm motion in pediatric cardiothoracic patients: Comparison with fluoroscopy. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006 Sep; 7(5):441-4. PubMed
  • Giardini A, Moore P, Brook M, Stratton V, Tacy T. Effect of transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in children on left ventricular diastolic function. Am J Cardiol. 2005 May 15; 95(10):1255-7. PubMed
  • Gremmels DB, Tacy TA, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Accuracy of coronary artery anatomy using two-dimensional echocardiography in d-transposition of great arteries using a two-reviewer method. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004 May; 17(5):454-60. PubMed
  • Hamrick SE, Brook MM, Farmer DL. Fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary sequestration complicated by postnatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2004 Jan-Feb; 19(1):40-2. PubMed
  • Younoszai AK, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Brook MM. Intermediate term follow-up of the end-to-side aortic anastomosis for coarctation of the aorta. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Nov; 74(5):1631-4. PubMed
  • Puchalski MD, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Simplified echocardiographic criteria for decision making in perimembranous ventricular septal defect in childhood. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Sep 01; 90(5):569-71. PubMed
  • Moon-Grady AJ, Tacy TA, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Value of clinical and echocardiographic features in predicting outcome in the fetus, infant, and child with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve complex. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Jun 01; 89(11):1280-5. PubMed
  • Feinstein JA, Moore P, Rosenthal DN, Puchalski M, Brook MM. Comparison of contrast echocardiography versus cardiac catheterization for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Feb 01; 89(3):281-5. PubMed
  • Laudito A, Brook MM, Suleman S, Bleiweis MS, Thompson LD, Hanley FL, Reddy VM. The Ross procedure in children and young adults: a word of caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Jul; 122(1):147-53. PubMed
  • Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Improved surgical outcome after fetal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation. 2001 Mar 06; 103(9):1269-73. PubMed
  • Thompson LD, McElhinney DB, Culbertson CB, Hardy CE, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Perioperative administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreases the severity and duration of pleural effusions following bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Cardiol Young. 2001 Mar; 11(2):195-200. PubMed
  • Tworetzky W, Bristow J, Moore P, Brook MM, Segal MR, Brasch RC, Hawgood S, Fineman JR. Inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Lancet. 2001 Jan 13; 357(9250):118-20. PubMed
  • Parry AJ, McElhinney DB, Kung GC, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Elective primary repair of acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot in early infancy: overall outcome and impact on the pulmonary valve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Dec; 36(7):2279-83. PubMed
  • Ussia GP, Momenah TS, Ursell P, Brook MM, Moore P, De Luca F, Silverman NH. Evaluation of the morphology of the oval fossa for placement of devices. Cardiol Young. 2000 Sep; 10(5):502-9. PubMed
  • Momenah TS, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Moore P, Silverman NH. Transesophageal echocardiographic predictors for successful transcatheter closure of defects within the oval fossa using the CardioSEAL septal occlusion device. Cardiol Young. 2000 Sep; 10(5):510-8. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Moore P, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Surgical intervention for complications of transcatheter dilation procedures in congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Mar; 69(3):858-64. PubMed
  • Russell IM, Silverman NH, Miller-Hance W, Brook M, Cassorla L, Rouine-Rapp K, Tacy T, Cahalan MK. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for infants and children undergoing congenital heart surgery: the role of the anesthesiologist. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1999 Nov; 12(11):1009-14. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Hanley FL, Stanger P. Asymmetrically short tendinous cords causing congenital tricuspid regurgitation: improved understanding of tricuspid valvar dysplasia in the era of color flow echocardiography. Cardiol Young. 1999 May; 9(3):300-4. PubMed
  • Brook MM. Pediatric bacterial endocarditis. Treatment and prophylaxis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 Apr; 46(2):275-87. PubMed
  • Tworetzky W, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Echocardiographic diagnosis alone for the complete repair of major congenital heart defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jan; 33(1):228-33. PubMed
  • Momenah TS, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Teitel DF, Hanley FL, Silverman NH. Intramyocardial hematoma causing cardiac tamponade after repair of Ebstein malformation: erroneous echocardiographic diagnosis as intracavitary thrombus. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1998 Nov; 11(11):1087-9. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Atrioventricular septal defect with common valvar orifice and tetralogy of Fallot revisited: making a case for primary repair in infancy. Cardiol Young. 1998 Oct; 8(4):455-61. PubMed
  • Kovalchin JP, Brook MM, Rosenthal GL, Suda K, Hoffman JI, Silverman NH. Echocardiographic hemodynamic and morphometric predictors of survival after two-ventricle repair in infants with critical aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998 Jul; 32(1):237-44. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Silverman NH, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Rare forms of isolation of the subclavian artery: echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical considerations. Cardiol Young. 1998 Jul; 8(3):344-51. PubMed
  • Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Stanger P, Hanley FL. Repair of congenital tricuspid valve abnormalities with artificial chordae tendineae. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Jul; 66(1):172-6. PubMed
  • Russell IA, Zwass MS, Fineman JR, Balea M, Rouine-Rapp K, Brook M, Hanley FL, Silverman NH, Cahalan MK. The effects of inhaled nitric oxide on postoperative pulmonary hypertension in infants and children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart disease. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jul; 87(1):46-51. PubMed
  • Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Phoon CK, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Geometric mismatch of pulmonary and aortic anuli in children undergoing the Ross procedure: implications for surgical management and autograft valve function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 Jun; 115(6):1255-62; discussion 1262-3. PubMed
  • Reddy VM, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Parry AJ, Hanley FL. Atrioventricular valve function after single patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in infancy: how early should repair be attempted? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998 May; 115(5):1032-40. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Mishaly DA, Moore P, Brook MM, Reddy VM, Hanley FL. Isolated left superior vena cava to the left atrium with situs solitus and dextrocardia: extracardiac repair facilitated by juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Nov 15; 80(10):1379-81. PubMed
  • Kovalchin JP, Brook MM, Silverman NH. Growth of the hypoplastic left ventricle? Pediatr Cardiol. 1997 Nov-Dec; 18(6):451-2. PubMed
  • Phoon CK, Van Son J, Moore PA, Brook MM, Haas GS, Higgins CB. Aberrant left coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva with a right coronary arteriovenous malformation. Pediatr Cardiol. 1997 Sep-Oct; 18(5):385-8. PubMed
  • McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Repair of truncus arteriosus with intact ventricular septum (Van Praagh type B2) in a neonate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Jul; 114(1):134-8. PubMed
  • Brook M, Chard PS, Brock-Utne JG. Gastric foreign body: a potential risk when using transesophageal echo. Anesth Analg. 1997 Jun; 84(6):1389. PubMed
  • Rajasinghe HA, Reddy VM, van Son JA, Black MD, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Hanley FL. Coarctation repair using end-to-side anastomosis of descending aorta to proximal aortic arch. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Mar; 61(3):840-4. PubMed
  • Bernstein HS, Ursell PC, Brook MM, Hanley FC, Silverman NH, Bristow J. Fulminant development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in an infant after total cavopulmonary shunt. Pediatr Cardiol. 1996 Jan-Feb; 17(1):46-50. PubMed
  • Reddy VM, Liddicoat JR, McElhinney DB, Brook MM, Stanger P, Hanley FL. Routine primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and infants less than three months of age. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995 Dec; 60(6 Suppl):S592-6. PubMed
  • Bernstein HS, Brook MM, Silverman NH, Bristow J. Development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae in children after cavopulmonary shunt. Circulation. 1995 Nov 01; 92(9 Suppl):II309-14. PubMed
  • Weiss H, Cooper B, Brook M, Schlueter M, Clyman R. Factors determining reopening of the ductus arteriosus after successful clinical closure with indomethacin. J Pediatr. 1995 Sep; 127(3):466-71. PubMed
  • Brook MM, Fineman JR, Bolinger AM, Wong AF, Heymann MA, Soifer SJ. Use of ATP-MgCl2 in the evaluation and treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart defects. Circulation. 1994 Sep; 90(3):1287-93. PubMed
  • Banerjee A, Brook MM, Klautz RJ, Teitel DF. Nonlinearity of the left ventricular end-systolic wall stress-velocity of fiber shortening relation in young pigs: a potential pitfall in its use as a single-beat index of contractility. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Feb; 23(2):514-24. PubMed
  • Brook MM, Silverman NH, Villegas M. Cardiac ultrasonography in structural abnormalities and arrhythmias. Recognition and treatment. West J Med. 1993 Sep; 159(3):286-300. PubMed
  • Havens PL, Garland JS, Brook MM, Dewitz BA, Stremski ES, Troshynski TJ. Trends in mortality in children hospitalized with meningococcal infections, 1957 to 1987. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989 Jan; 8(1):8-11. PubMed
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